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       title="Language, Modal Logic and Semantics"
       created="2006-05-07"
       description="Notes on The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap"
       keywords="philosophy logic history semantics empiricism Carnap "
       class="con"
       up="index.htm"
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<section title="Overview">
<abstract>
Notes on Carnap's replies to essays by other philosophers concerning his views on language, modal logic, and semantics.
</abstract>
<secbody>
<sbcol>
<secref title="9. My Conception of the Logic of Modalities" />
<secref title="10. My Conception of Semantics" />
<subsec title="11. Robert Feys on Modalities" />
<subsec title="12. John Myhill on Modal Logic and Semantics" />
<subsec title="13. Donald Davidson on Modalities and Semantlcs" />
<subsec title="14. Richard Martin on Semantics" />
</sbcol>
<sbcol>
<subsec title="15. W. V. Quine on Logical Truth" />
<subsec title="16. Herbert G. Bohnert on Definitions and Analyticity" />
<subsec title="17. Wilfrid Sellars on Abstract Entities in Semantlcs" />
<subsec title="18. E. W. Beth on Constructed Language Systems" />
<subsec title="19. P. F. Strawson on Linguistic Naturalism" />
<subsec title="20. Yehoshua Bar-Hillel on Linguistics and Metatheory..." />
</sbcol>
</secbody>
</section>

<section title="9. My Conception of the Logic of Modalities">
<abstract>
</abstract>
<secbody>
<sbcol>
<subsec title="I. The logic of extensions">
<p>
</p>
</subsec>
<subsec title="II. The logic of intensions; modalities">
<p>
</p>
</subsec>
<subsec title="III. Two identity concepts">
<p>
</p>
</subsec>
</sbcol>
<sbcol>
<subsec title="IV. Translation of a modal language into an extensional language">
<p>
</p>
</subsec>
<subsec title="V. Translation of an extensional language into a modal language">
<p>
</p>
</subsec>
<subsec title="VI. The logic of senses and synonymy">
<p>
</p>
</subsec>
<subsec title="VII. Comparison of the logic of intensions and the logic of senses">
<p>
</p>
</subsec>

</sbcol>
</secbody>
</section>

<section title="10. My Conception of Semantics" tag="10">
<abstract>

</abstract>
<secbody>
<sbcol>
<subsec title="I. The extensional metalanguage for semantics">
<p>
Here Carnap describes not the language but rather what is to be done with the language.
This consists of definitions of the following:
<ul>
<li>rules of formation (syntactic)</li>
<li>rules of relative designation (these give tbe designation of some phrase of the language relative to some model and value assignment)</li>
<li>rules of direct designation (which gives a model for the language)</li>
<li>definition of truth (a sentence is true if it designates truth in the model given by the rules of direct designation according to the rules of relative designation)</li>
<li>meaning postulates (these are axioms which express relations between the descriptive constants)</li>
</ul>
A model is said to be <i>admissible</i> if all the meaning postulates hold in it.
</p><p>
Analyticity (A-truth) is then defined as follows:
</p>
</subsec>
<subsec title="II. Models, model structures and interpretations">
<p>
Carnap's terminology differs here from the terminology which I am accustomed to.
</p>
<p>
In my usage an interpretation is an assignment of values to the domains of quantification and the contants in some language (the details depend upon the kind of language under consideration), a model is an interpretation which satisfies the axioms of the theory.
</p><p>
In Carnap's usage a model is what I call an interpretation, a model structure is an isomorphism class of models. and an interpretation is some kind of definition of a model so that two distinct interpretations might describe the same model.
Two interpretations are the same if they are logically equivalent.
</p>
</subsec>
</sbcol>
<sbcol>
<subsec title="III. Non-extensional metalanguages for semantics">
<p>

</p>
</subsec>
</sbcol>
</secbody>
</section>

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