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We think we have scientific knowledge when we know the cause, and there are four causes: |
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The same thing may exist for an end and be necessitated as well. |
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Necessity too is of two kinds. |
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Of the products of man's intelligence some are never due to chance or necessity but always to an end, as for example a house or a statue; |
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It is mostly in cases where the issue is indeterminate (though only where the production does not originate in chance, and the end is consequently good), that a result is due to an end, and this is true alike in nature or in art. |
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created 94/10/29 modified 1998/9/3